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Glossary
ACD
Sutomatic Call Distributor: is a telephone facility that manages incoming calls and handles them based on the number called.
AGP
Accelerated Graphics Port: An interface which allows a graphics card to access memory directly which along with the wider bandwidth helps improve graphics performance.
BIOS
Basic Input Output System: The BIOS contains special software instructions that enable the CPU to communicate with and control devices, it is usually stored in ROM and can be either built-in to the motherboard or on the device itself.
CAD
Computer Aided Design: A software used by architects, engineers, drafters, artists, and others to create precision drawings or technical illustrations.
CPU
Central Processing Unit: This refers to the processor in your PC system.
DAT
Digital Audio Tape: A standard medium and technology for the digital recording of audio on tape at a professional level of quality.
DDR
Double Data Rate: DDR can transfer data at double the rate of normal SDRAM. It achieves this by transferring data twice per clock cycle, once on the rising edge and once on the falling edge of the cycle.
DOS
Disk Operating System: A common term used to describe MS-DOS.
DoS
Denial of Service: A DoS attack is a form of attacking another computer or company by sending millions or more requests every second causing the network to slow down, cause errors or shut down. Because it is difficult for a single individual to generate a DoS attack, these forms of attacks are often created from another company or college and/or worms are created to create zombie computers to create a DoS attack.
ERD
Emergency Repair Disk: An ERD is a diskette that creates backups of important system files and settings and is used to help troubleshoot and fix issues for Microsoft Windows NT and Windows 2000 users.
FAT
File Allocation Table: This refers to a data table that holds information about how and where files are stored on any one partition. For example, a single file on your hard drive may not be stored in one place, the file could be split up and stored in several different (physical) places (this is called fragmentation), the FAT keeps a record of where the different parts of the file are stored.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol: A standard Internet protocol, is the simplest way to exchange files between computers on the Internet.
GUI
Graphical User Interface: A GUI uses windows, icons, and menus to carry out commands such as opening files, delete files, move files, etc.
HAL
Hardware Abstraction Layer: An operating system programming layer that enables the operating system to operate with a hardware device.
IP Address
IP Address: This is a unique number split into 4 parts separated by full stops, every computer connected to the internet has an IP address, a typical IP address looks like this. 192.168.1.1
LAN
Refers to a network that spans a relatively small geographical area and/or is limited to one segment.
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display: Technology used for displays in notebook and other smaller computers.
MAPI
Messaging Application Program Interface: Microsoft Windows program interface that enables you to send e-mail from within a Windows application and attach the document you are working on to the e-mail note.
NAT
Network Address Translantor: the translation of an Internet Protocol address (IP address) used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. NAT is included as part of a router and is often part of a corporate firewall.
NIC
Network Interface Card: Card that provides connectivity between a PC and a network.
PNP
Plug and Play: An ability of a computer to detect and configure a new piece of hardware automatically, without the requirement of the user to physically configure the hardware device with jumpers or dipswitches.
PSU
Power Supply Unit: This regulates and distributes the power to the components inside your PC. The standard now is ATX which can be accessed by the motherboard/software to enable the PSU to be "put to sleep", conserve energy or shut down.
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks: A way of storing the same data in different places (thus, redundantly) on multiple hard disks.
RAM
Random Access Memory: This is the main memory in your computer, this is where the computer stores the data it needs when you are using a program.
SDRAM
Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory: SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory Refers to a type of memory (DRAM) that can sychronise itself with the processor's bus speed, and can run at much higher speeds.
TSR
Terminate and Stay Resident: A software program that remains in memory until it is needed then performs some function. An good example of a TSR is a Virus Scanner, which must remain loaded in memory to help protect your computer from computer viruses.
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply: A device that allows your computer to keep running for at least a short time when the primary power source is lost.
USB
Universal serial Bus: A connection typy that simplifies adding peripherals (mice, printers, scanners, etc) to your PC. USB 2.0 provides a higher data transfer rate of up to 480Mbps.
WOW
Windows on Windows: A method used with Microsoft Windows to keep track of each 16-bit DLL loaded by 16-bit applications. If those applications happen to crash WOW determines if the associated DLL files should be unloaded.
XP
eXPerience: Slang often used for describing Microsoft Windows XP.



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